defined 4 phases of sit to stand: the flexionmomentum phase (initial onset of movement to seat-off), the momentum-transfer phase (seat-off to maximum dorsiflexion), the extension phase (maximum dorsiflexion to full hip extension), and the stabilization phase (full hip extension to quiet stance). Because quiet stance involves some lateral and anteroposterior sway, it is difficult to define; as a result, those using Schenkman’s protocol typically report only the first 3 phases