V. CONCLUSION
Designing communication protocols and applications for
such networks is very challenging due to the absence of
fixed infrastructure, the inevitable mobility and constrained
bandwidth. It is crucial in ad hoc wireless networks to
deliver data packets effectively, minimize connection
breakdown and control packet overhead, while ensuring that
a route remains connected for the longest possible period.
The mobility of the nodes of these networks presents the
most difficult challenge to routing protocol designers,
because it causes frequent topology changes and route
invalidation, which increase the signaling overhead required
to establish routes, thus affecting the performance of the
routing protocols. The main contributions of this work to the
existing literature on the subject are the definition of the
architecture for the Enhanced Direction Routing Protocol
and the new secure routing protocol (Secure Enhanced
Direction Routing Protocol) for ad hoc wireless networks.
Both Enhanced Direction Routing Protocol and Secure
Enhanced Direction Routing Protocol are unique in the
respect that no comparable proposals have been made. In