Hosmer (1994, p. 20) has suggested that ‘‘ethical
principles are not subjective measures that vary with
cultural, social, and economic conditions; they are
objective statements that transcend countries, religions,
and times. They are the basic rules or first
principles that have been proposed to ensure a
‘good’ society. A ‘good’ society is one in which
people willingly cooperate for the benefit of all.’’
We suggest that the duties owed by accountants and
auditors are fundamental and essential and must be
based upon (1) ethical principles that do not change
– regardless of the company involved, the verbiage
used in audit standards, or the financial benefits
accruing to those who might be tempted to forego
their duties, and (2) a commitment to honor duties
to society that encompass the public interest and
welfare of all stakeholders.