During three semesters, two groups of secondary science teachers (three teachers in each group) worked in three learning study cycles (one per semester) together with a researcher in order to create prerequisites and further identify conditions for students’ learning of a specific content. In collaboration with a researcher (authors) the teachers conducted three learning studies within the framework of variation theory (Marton & Booth, 1997). In a cyclic process the teachers studied their students’ learning in relation to their own teaching while the researcher studied the teachers’ learning and knowledge production during the process.