Khan (2013) examined the relationship and causality between the nominal and the real exchange rates, and the foreign exchange reserves for the Pakistani economy, through the use of co-integration analysis. The results show that either nominal or real exchange rate has an impact on foreign exchange reserves in the economy of Pakistan. International reserves allow a government to set a stable exchange rate, and to lessen the impact of unanticipated emergencies and economic shocks. It is suggested in some theories that countries with fixed or managed floating exchange rate systems must have more accumulated reserves than those countries with freely elastic exchange rate systems. This is because in the fixed or managed floating exchange rate system, the state bank interferes on the global market as is necessary to ensure the exchange rate remains constant. International reserves increase if there is high demand for the home currency within the foreign market; on the other hand they decrease if the foreign market has a higher supply of the local currency.