The rapid development of wireless and mobile technologies has attracted the attention of researchers from various educational disciplines. Many studies have investigated the use of mobile learning (m-learning) as a complementary teaching technique to reduce both time and location constraints within the learning environment [1], [2]. For example, students engaged in outdoor learning activities with the support of handheld devices could access digital learning resources via wireless communications. Their outdoor learning process was improved by the mobility and portability of these devices. Students could also use handheld devices to interpret and organize their personal knowledge while in the field. Therefore, learning with handheld devices can facilitate the use of multimedia in m-learning, which supports students by combining both real and digital learning resources