The life-cycle GHG emissions from the use of corn stover,forest residue,and switch grass are 9.0,
12.2,and 2.0 gCO2e/MJ, respectively(with a soil carbon-change credit, the CO2 sequestration arising from land use change dominates the GHG emissions),which are about 10%,14%,and 2% of those of conventional jet fuel,respectively