The authors in [18], discusses on students’ acceptance of
mobile phones for learning purposes to care and absorb
distance education students by using mobile devices for
distance flexible learning tutorials.
B. mLearning versus eLearning
Both eLearning and mLearning require uses of ICT in
learning modes and have benefits and drawbacks over each
other. Some of the advantages of mlearning over eLearning are
as follows. The first advantage is freedom of learning by with
mLearning mode. Learning cannot be done anywhere and
anytime in eLearning as opposed to mLearning which allows
learning can take place any time and at anywhere. Second
factor involved is portability of device used in 2 modes. The
eLearning devices are not as portable as mLearning which
restricts the devices from moving to different location. Other
benefits with mLearning are; the shy students can learn at their
own place and at their own pace, updates can be received in the
phone and interesting learning tools boost mLearning as
students are not eager for game and such applications.[17,19]
Some of the advantages of eLearning over mLearning are
as follows; firstly, the cost of device used in eLearning is
usually less expensive than smart mobile devices used in
mLearning. Input devices such as keyboards and mouse and
output devices such as screens in eLearning are more user
friendly than the devices used in mLearning. Most eLearning
desktop computers have a higher processing power in
comparison to mobile devices used in mLearning. Memory and
storage in most desktop computers used in eLearning store
more data compared to mobile devices used in mLearning. [19]
C. Context-Aware Mobile Learning
The main idea discussed in [20] is an advantage of mobile
devices is that they enable learning across different contexts.
Context-aware in a mobile learning experience benefits in
intelligent feedback, adaptation, personalization and
recommendation which leads to presenting more personalized
data to the learner.
In [21], different learning contexts are discussed with the
new experiments that are related to cope technically with the
existing multimedia learning material. The proposed system in
that is a web-based framework to solve mobile-environment
issues which will make it a vastly cross-platform solution.
D. Using SMS as supplementary learning tool
The short messaging system (SMS) is used as a
supplementary tool in Open University Malaysia (OUM) which
is called mySMS. [22] This system provides multiple services
to the learners which includes:- multiple choice questions with
feedback, self-test, quizzes and assignment notification, crucial
assignment reminders, accessing examination and test marks,
fact of the week, web links, reading material lists, course
schedule and calendar as well as access to financial statements
and courses registration.
In addition in [23], group messaging, and challenges faced
with it are discussed. The university either pushes the sms or
user pulls the sms after requesting via SMS. SMS pushed
includes Content Motivation Tips, Course management, Forum