2.2. Cognitive ability tests
Participants were tested on three higher-level cognitive
measures: the Digit–Symbol Coding subtest of the Wechsler
Adult Intelligence Scale III (Wechsler, 1997); theMatrix Reasoning
subtest of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
(Psychological Corporation (The), 1999); and the Wechsler Test
of Adult Reading (WTAR) (Psychological Corporation, 2001).
Digit–Symbol Coding was included as a paper-and-pencil
test of processing speed, Matrix Reasoning as a fluid-type
(age-sensitive) cognitive test WTAR as a test of crystallised-type (age-insensitive) cognitive
ability assessing vocabulary via pronunciation. The tests were
applied according to the instructions in the tests' manuals.