FIGURE 5.21 4-wire constant current resistant measurement. (Courtesy of Fluke Corp. Reproduced with Permission.) This method is extremely accurate and fast for measuring low-frequency ac voltages. Its accuracy at higher frequencies is limited by the sampling rate. In general the sam pling rate should be twice the frequency of the input signal There are two schemes for resistance conversion These are the constant-current method and the ratio method. In a constant-current method, Fig. 5.21, constant-current sources from 1 mA (for the 200-n range) to 100 nA or less (for the 20-Mn range), are built into the meter. This constant-current source is applied through Rmeas, the un- known resistor, and the voltage amplifier circuits. These circuits buffer and scale the dc voltage across R to the proper level for the A/D converter. The ratio method of resistance conversion is shown in Fig. 5.22. It is normally used with dual-slope AD discussed earlier in the chapter. Internally, an approximately