This study investigated changes in the extraction
characteristics of
Jerusalem artichoke (
Helianthus tuberosus
L.) tubers (JA) using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)
treatment alone and in combination with enzymes and/or
fermentation. HHP treatment of JA increased the soluble
solid content and decreased the turbidity compared to the
control group that received hot-water extraction. This
indicates improved extractability of JA by HHP treatment
alone or in combination. Combined HHP treatment with
enzymes increased the contents of non-reducing sugars,
fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and free amino acids in the
extracts compared to those of control, thus activating
browning reaction. Extraction of fermented JA by HHP
treatment with or without enzyme showed increased
polyphenol content as well as improved 1, 1-diphenyl-2-
picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging activity and
superoxide dismutase
(SOD) like activity compared to the
control group. Taken together, HHP treatment of fermented
JA with enzymes significantly improved the extractability
of bioactive molecules such as phenolics and FOS
compared to conventional water extraction or HHP
treatment alone. Our results provide useful information for
the improvement of raw material extraction by HHP
treatment in combination.