Addition
Addition is the adding of a noun, brief explanation or context into a context, as a footnote or in a parenthesis. This technique can be used when the word in the target language cannot convey the exact meaning for the source language or it not clear enough. For example, each carried a pinto (Thai) is translated as Each carried a pinto, a multiple decked food container with a handle (English).
Substitution
Substitution is the replacement of a source language word by a target language phrase or sentence. It is a way to solve the problem of no one-to-one corresponding word between the target language and source language. For example, Khun Thong went away at the end of Pansa last year (Thai) is translated as Khun Thong went away at the end of the monsoon season last year (English).
Generalisation
It is a technique that uses a general word covering the specific activities or things occurring in the SL, but is not known by the target group. For example, translators can translate any kind of Thai curry into English by using the general word curry with or without an explanation.
Adjunction
Thai and English sometimes have difference way of using coherence to connect sentence or have different ways to separate sentence. Accordingly, translators have to adjust it properly to each language. For example, *Although he studied very hard, but he failed the examination (Thai) has to be changed to Although he studied very hard, he failed the examination (English).
Deletion
Deletion is used when words or idioms in the source language text refer to things that do not appear in the target language text, or when redundancy occurs. Translation can delete short words or idioms that do not convey important meaning or the main point of the sentence for example, I dropped it on purpose at your (dear) Wan’s house.
Transliteration
Transliteration is the imitation of the source language sound and transcribing it into target language characters. Phonological rules are required in this strategy. The model of transliteration of continent, country, ocean, etc., is demonstrated by the Royal Institute of Thailand, and the transliteration of science vocabulary should follow the model of the Science Society of Thailand.
Word reformation
English word forms are changed due to number, and tense, but Thai words are not. For example, in a singular boy is changed to plural boys and possessive boy’s, but Thai uses boy, many boy, and of boy, respectively. Accordingly, when translating from Thai into English, translators have to change word forms to be accepted English grammar.
Phrase and sentence reformation
This strategy includes word order adjustment, phrase and sentence adjustment, negative sentence adjustment, changing active sentence into passive sentence, and word adjustment within the sentence.