Manpower EC was calculated based on the metabolic equivalent
of the task (MET) as shown in Table 2. This is the ratio of the
humanmetabolic rate whenperforming anactivity to themetabolic rate at rest (Ainsworth et al., 2011). This was then converted to
energy value as MJ per hour of work (Quilty et al., 2014), with the
assumption of an Asian human body weight of 54.4 kg (IAEA, 1998).