PATHOGENESIS is related to:
(1) Intra-vascular factors:
-Impaired cerebral autoregulation
-Fluctuating cerebral blood flow (related to fluctuating arterial blood pressure)*
-↑ cerebral blood flow (e.g., due to hypercarbia, excess volume expansion)*
-↑ cerebral venous pressure (e.g., with pneumothorax, asphyxial heart failure)*
-Hypotension and reperfusion*
-Coagulation abnormalities
(2) Vascular factors:
-Germinal matrix, a highly vascular structure with poor capillary support, is present