However, the involvement of such care (e.g., when using
the term “advocacy”) in perioperative nursing in the OR is
unclear. A descriptive study of OR nurses’ perceptions of
the implications the concept “advocacy” included interrelated
and overlapping themes such as protection, communication/
vocalizing, doing, comfort, and caring [17].
When Westerling and Bergbom [18] evaluated effective
perioperative nursing care from the patient’s perspective,
they found that the value of being acknowledged as an
individual carried particular importance to the patients,
and that the ability of patients to share their perioperative
experience with familiar nurses made the patients feel
calm, safe, and secure. This perspective was first identified
by Rudolfsson et al. [19] and later actualized by
Rudolfsson [4] in their elaboration of a model illustrating
the perioperative dialogue/ethos, showing that the patients
felt that it was safe to hand over the responsibility to the
nurse when they felt acknowledged, listened to, and met
with empathy. Likewise, another study demonstrated the
creation of continuity through preoperative dialogue, its
manifestation in intraoperative dialogue, and its closure in
postoperative dialogue [20]. Although the interaction between
nursing care and technology has been taken for
granted by many OR nurses [6], the interaction has also
been viewed as a challenge [21-24] because perioperative
nursing has been, and remains, inextricably linked to the
development of technology with the risk of eroding the
quality of care [6]. Therefore, perioperative nursing is constantly
faced with new challenges and opportunities that
necessitate continual updates of nursing knowledge and
technical skills [3,25]. In light of the longstanding relationship
between nursing and technology, it is interesting that
only few studies with this focus have been performed
[21-24]. Furthermore, these studies are >10 years old.