• Communication capabilities—voice calling, video conferencing, text, and e-mail 7
• Hospital information systems (HISs)—electronic health records (EHRs), electronic medical records (EMRs), clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), picture archiving and communication systems (PACSs), and laboratory information systems (LISs)7
• Informational resources—textbooks, guidelines, medical literature, drug references7
• Clinical software applications—disease diagnosis aids, medical calculators7
Prior to the development of mobile devices, these resources were mainly provided by stationary computers, which do not support the need for mobility in health care settings.7 In an attempt to address this need, some health care environments set up portable, wireless mobile information stations such as Computers on Wheels (COWs) or Workstations on Wheels (WOWs).7 With the availability of mobile devices, however, clinicians now have access to a wellspring of information at their fingertips, through their smartphones and tablets.10