gender, and presence or absence of one or more comorbid anxiety disorders, were investigated as predictors of changes in headaches and depression. Despite many of the descriptive results trending in a theoretically expected direction with associated moderate effect sizes, independent samples t-tests revealed only one significant finding: men demonstrated a significantly larger reduction in mean daily headaches than women, t(16) ¼ 2.30, p ¼ .004, d ¼ 1.21, 95% CId [.08, 2.31].