Joints kinematics and kinetics
Three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis was performed
during treadmill walking. The marker set used for 3D
motion capture (VICON, Oxford Metrics, UK; 120 Hz)
was composed of 50 markers placed on specific anatomical
bony landmarks (Fig. 3b-c). Single markers were
placed on the left and right legs at the calcanei, heads of
the first and fifth metatarsals, medial and lateral malleoli,
medial and lateral knee condyles, greater trochanters,
left and right anterior superior iliac spines, left and right
iliac crests and at the midpoint between the iliac crest and
the anterior superior iliac spine on the left and right side.
Clusters of four markers were attached to the thighs and
shanks of both legs. Eight additional markers were placed
on the proximal and distal ends of each cable at the ankle
and hip, used to calculate the assistive forces’ lines of action,
along with their associated moment arms. All
markers and force trajectories were filtered