In this paper, we present a comparative study of existing energy scenario studies and energy systems modeling with an objective of evaluating energy models that have been applied for Thailand. We have reviewed a number of models covering energy systems and organized literature on the low-carbon energy scenarios into three categories, including trend-based studies, technical feasibility studies and modeling studies. The energy scenarios reviewed in this paper have made important steps toward imagining and quantifying such possible futures. To achieve a low-carbon energy system, it is certainly that Thailand must involve technical, social and political arrangements that help to frame effective policies for low-carbon development.
Thailand's transition toward a low-carbon energy system should not only follow the general rules of socio-economic development and international agreement on climate protection, but should consider the basic of national conditions and interests. It has been recognized that it is crucial for all nations to undertake GHG mitigation. All mitigation actions in Thailand are taken voluntary with the aim of being part of the global action in reducing GHG emissions. This paper proposes that Thailand should adopt measures for low-carbon energy system development under a comprehensive framework in the next 20 years. By 2030, Thailand's energy-related emission target would be set at 30–40% reductions below 2005 levels. In our review and analyses, technically it is possible to achieve the 2030 target if all identified potentials in the estimated roadmap are fully realized. Thus, Thailand's energy-related CO2 emissions could be expected to peak in 2030 and then stabilize and start to decline afterwards. The recommendation for Thailand's reduction goal can provide the direction for plausible pathway of low-carbon energy system. Information gained from this study can use for supporting the climate change negotiations in the future, especially if developing countries will be forced to reduce their emissions. In this case, the suggested roadmap can provide a comprehensive list of policy options and practical implementing strategies to pursue low-carbon energy system based on national priorities and circumstances.
Moreover, the transition governance for low-carbon futures is another important issue to be considered in the pathways as well. While energy scenarios contribute to envisage possible low-carbon energy systems it is equally important to address the societal transitions implied by these futures, and investigate how these can be governed, implemented and achieved. A low-carbon energy system is not only improve environmental sustainability but it will bring co-benefits, including enhanced energy security, less air pollution, more livable, and greater competitiveness from higher productivity.
ในเอกสารนี้ เรานำเสนอการศึกษาเปรียบเทียบการศึกษาสถานการณ์พลังงานที่มีอยู่และระบบพลังงานกับวัตถุประสงค์ของการประเมินรูปแบบพลังงานที่ใช้สำหรับประเทศไทยการสร้างโมเดล เราได้ตรวจทานตัวเลขของแบบจำลองที่ครอบคลุมระบบพลังงาน และวรรณคดีบนสถานการณ์พลังงานคาร์บอนต่ำแบ่งได้สามประเภท ตามแนวโน้มการศึกษา การศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ทางเทคนิค และการศึกษาโมเดล สถานการณ์พลังงานที่ทานในกระดาษนี้ทำตอนสำคัญ imagining และ quantifying ล่วงหน้าดังกล่าวได้ เพื่อให้ระบบพลังงานคาร์บอนต่ำ เป็นที่แน่นอนว่า ไทยต้องเกี่ยวข้องกับการจัดการทางเทคนิค ทางสังคม และการเมืองที่นโยบายมีผลบังคับใช้กรอบการพัฒนาคาร์บอนต่ำช่วยThailand's transition toward a low-carbon energy system should not only follow the general rules of socio-economic development and international agreement on climate protection, but should consider the basic of national conditions and interests. It has been recognized that it is crucial for all nations to undertake GHG mitigation. All mitigation actions in Thailand are taken voluntary with the aim of being part of the global action in reducing GHG emissions. This paper proposes that Thailand should adopt measures for low-carbon energy system development under a comprehensive framework in the next 20 years. By 2030, Thailand's energy-related emission target would be set at 30–40% reductions below 2005 levels. In our review and analyses, technically it is possible to achieve the 2030 target if all identified potentials in the estimated roadmap are fully realized. Thus, Thailand's energy-related CO2 emissions could be expected to peak in 2030 and then stabilize and start to decline afterwards. The recommendation for Thailand's reduction goal can provide the direction for plausible pathway of low-carbon energy system. Information gained from this study can use for supporting the climate change negotiations in the future, especially if developing countries will be forced to reduce their emissions. In this case, the suggested roadmap can provide a comprehensive list of policy options and practical implementing strategies to pursue low-carbon energy system based on national priorities and circumstances.Moreover, the transition governance for low-carbon futures is another important issue to be considered in the pathways as well. While energy scenarios contribute to envisage possible low-carbon energy systems it is equally important to address the societal transitions implied by these futures, and investigate how these can be governed, implemented and achieved. A low-carbon energy system is not only improve environmental sustainability but it will bring co-benefits, including enhanced energy security, less air pollution, more livable, and greater competitiveness from higher productivity.
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