2.8. Texture analyses
The cake sample was cut into 9 cubic specimens (30 30 30 mm3). The sample was measured by the TA.XT2i Texture Analyzer (Stable Microsystems, Goldamin, U.K.) using compression mode with cylindrical probe P/100 (Ø ¼ 10 mm),
1 mm/s test speed and 60% compression distance. Hardness, the force necessary to attain a given deformation of samples (Stone, Bleibaum, & Thomas, 2012), was recorded.