The leafy liverwort genus Frullania possesses red, grading into nearly black. Deeply pigmented species can actually require high light, and account for the presence of this species at high elevations above timberline or high in the canopy of the tropics. On Barro Colorado Island, Panama, this genus grows more quickly in high light intensities than in the shade, attesting to its adaptations to high light intensity (Coley et al. 1993).