The potential effects of CFCS on the target microbes were
determined with the help of SEM. Bacterial cells of target microbes
were treated with and without CFCS at the equal proportion for
60 min and were washed three times using 50 mM phosphate
buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.3) and then centrifuged at 4000 rpm. In
the next step, the centrifuged cells were suspended in PBS. A thin
smear was prepared on a glass slide andfixed in glutaraldehyde
(2.5 g/100 ml; Electron Microscopy Science, USA) for 2 h. After
fixation, dehydration was performed using ethanol ranging from
50% to 100%, and the cellswere dried with CO2. The dried cells were
coated with gold in a sputter coater. Samples were observed under
a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi-S4300, Japan). The scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed by using method
followed byChauhan and Kang (2014)