3.5. Toxicity
MG is highly toxic and can inhibit the growth of many species, including fish, plants, bacteria and fungi (Papinutti and Forchiassin, 2004; Ayed et al., 2010; Bibi et al., 2011). Therefore, we tested the growth inhibition of treated and non-treated sample against wheat seedlings and the MG sensitive strain T. hirsute (Wulf.: Fr.) Pilat S0296. In the microbial toxicity study, MG at the concentration of 15 mg L−1 strongly inhibited mycelial growth of strain T. hirsute(Wulf.: Fr.) Pilat S0296, with the colony reaching only 3 cm in diameter after 7 d of culture (Fig. 4a3, Table 2). Relative to the untreated group, laccase-treated MG slightly inhibited mycelial growth, and mycelium rapidly expanded to the margin of 9 cm Petri dishes within 7 d (Fig. 4a). The results of the phytotoxicity study showed that MG significantly inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and roots (Fig. 4b3). When wheat seedlings were transferred to MS media supplemented with 15 mg L−1 MG, 50% inhibition of wheat seedling growth and almost complete inhibition of root elongation were observed relative to the untreated group (Fig. 4b3). Laccase-treated MG showed almost no inhibition of seedling growth but still inhibited root elongation by 25% compared to non-treated MG (Fig. 4b2, Table 2). These findings suggested that less toxic products were formed after treatment with laccasefromT. trogii Berk S0301.
3.5. ToxicityMG is highly toxic and can inhibit the growth of many species, including fish, plants, bacteria and fungi (Papinutti and Forchiassin, 2004; Ayed et al., 2010; Bibi et al., 2011). Therefore, we tested the growth inhibition of treated and non-treated sample against wheat seedlings and the MG sensitive strain T. hirsute (Wulf.: Fr.) Pilat S0296. In the microbial toxicity study, MG at the concentration of 15 mg L−1 strongly inhibited mycelial growth of strain T. hirsute(Wulf.: Fr.) Pilat S0296, with the colony reaching only 3 cm in diameter after 7 d of culture (Fig. 4a3, Table 2). Relative to the untreated group, laccase-treated MG slightly inhibited mycelial growth, and mycelium rapidly expanded to the margin of 9 cm Petri dishes within 7 d (Fig. 4a). The results of the phytotoxicity study showed that MG significantly inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and roots (Fig. 4b3). When wheat seedlings were transferred to MS media supplemented with 15 mg L−1 MG, 50% inhibition of wheat seedling growth and almost complete inhibition of root elongation were observed relative to the untreated group (Fig. 4b3). Laccase-treated MG showed almost no inhibition of seedling growth but still inhibited root elongation by 25% compared to non-treated MG (Fig. 4b2, Table 2). These findings suggested that less toxic products were formed after treatment with laccasefromT. trogii Berk S0301.
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