In 2013, the SBI had the challenging task of managing the shift in focus towards the MRV issues with the launch of the international assessment and review (IAR) and international consultations and analysis (ICA) in 2014, and work on nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs). Loss and damage and adaptation finance is another area where progress was made under the SBI by reaching an agreement on a loss and damage mechanism and pledging funds in the range of US$ 100 million to the adaptation fund.