fine powder-like particles passing through a 60-mesh sieve.
To prepare samples, 1 gram of these individual herbal powders was extracted in 50 mL 70% ethanol at 85°C three times for 30 min each, and was then filtered with sucking filtration. The filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator, and the pellet was re-suspended in 10 mL of 80% methanol. Each sample solution was filtered with a 0.22 μm membrane before it was analyzed with HPLC.