Contrary to the perspective of sociology’s forefathers, contemporary research in the sociology of religion (Finke and Stark, 1992; Stark andFinke, 2000) suggests that industrialization and development do not necessarily cause people to become less religious. Rather, the religious tradition of a nation and personal religious beliefs continue to influence attitudes and behav- iors in developed countries. As we argue below, there is reason to think that as nations develop and orientations begin to shift from survival to self-expression, personal religious beliefs may actually be more likely to influence attitudes about homosexuality.