In Japan, a JDS was initiated early in 1978 in Tenjin, which is the central business district of Fukuoka city. The
UCC was set up in the suburb and a new joint delivery company was established in 1994. This project has been
successful and still operating at the present with the support of the Ministry of Transport. Another type of JDS
involving 11 department stores in Osaka started in 1990s based on the initiative of private companies only. This
system allowed department stores to exchange their goods to cooperatively deliver to customers. It successfully
resulted in the reduction of working hours of employees at peak times as well as increasing the frequency of visiting
to customers. Customers also benefited by receiving their goods at once from different department stores. An area
type JDS started in Shinjuku, Tokyo for high rise buildings in 1992, and in Motomachi shopping streets, Yokohama
in 2004, Otemachi, Marunouchi, and Yurakucho, Tokyo for chilled foods in 2012. These JDS are similar in terms of
aiming at efficient and environmentally friendly delivery systems in a target area using UCC. These JDS are
examples of good practices of city logistics measures, since these systems have been successful in reducing the
number of vehicles used for delivery and resulted in improving the environment based on the public-private
collaboration and also receivers are satisfied with the better delivery service and improved environment with a
smaller number of trucks in the area