The net benefit can be expressed in health (for example, using quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) or monetary terms. Net health benefit is the difference between the total expected QALYs and the health expected to be forgone elsewhere (the total expected costs divided by the maximum acceptable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] value). The net monetary benefit is the difference between the monetary value of total expected QALYs (expected QALYs multiplied by the maximum acceptable ICER value) and total expected costs.