1. Introduction
Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS) technologies rely on fixing CO2 ultimately into stable carbonates
through a mineralization reaction based on an aqueous chemical reaction where an alkaline source
dissolves and releases divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) which react with CO2 to produce, e.g., calcite
(CaCO3) or magnesite (MgCO3). The major alkaline sources are the silicate minerals, such as olivine,
serpentine, and wollastonite [1].
In an aqueous system and in the presence of CO2, olivine undergoes hydration, i.e., water molecules
react with the mineral surface, followed by dissolution and, subsequently, by carbonation. For the
magnesium end-member of olivine (forsterite, Mg2SiO4), the dissolution and carbonation reactions are,
respectively,