As noted in previous editions of the Review of Maritime Transport, in 2005, WCO adopted the SAFE Framework with the objective of developing a global supply chain framework, while also recognizing the significance of a closer partnership between customs administrations and business
adopted as a minimum threshold by national customs
administrations. These standards are contained within
two pillars – pillar 1, customs-to-customs network
arrangements and pillar 2, customs–business
partnerships