have proven their applicability in multiple industrial
settings, also in the automotive industry. Especially, their ability
of lifting heavy pallets and containers makes them inevitable whenever
heavy items need to be retrieved from or stored in racks. However,
due to their relatively low transport capacity many OEMs aim
to replace forklifts by other transport vehicles with higher capacity,
such as tow trains. From the operational research perspective, two
decision problems need to be solved, if forklifts are applied: