The results of ideal holm and cork oak silvicultural
models at a physical steady-state are used to estimate
outputs and costs under a permanent natural regeneration
scheme for oaks (Montero et al., 2000, 2003). Steady
state implies indefinitely maintaining a balanced (stable)
tree age structure and tree density per hectare for mixed
holm and cork oak woodland. In economic terms, steady
state assumes constant annual prices, except for land
revaluation, and assumes that the operating subsidies and
taxes on products (OST) remain unchanged. Steady state
becomes an ideal construction in which the holm and cork
oak woodland endures forever. Management-induced
natural oak regeneration cycles for holm and cork oak
woodland last for 250 and 144 years, respectively,
according to norms of the ideal sustainable silvicultural
model (Montero et al., 2000, 2003). We assume that Haza’s
current mosaic of land uses remains the same. Thus, the
ideal model’s mixed cork and holm oak woodland covers
over 65% of the Haza UAL, just as it does in the actual
scenario. In the model, this is allocated to 15% of pure
cork oak and 50% of pure holm oak woodland and tree
density figures are set to an age distribution required to
sustain Haza’s current woodland area. Other land uses and
yields are assumed to remain constant, including cattle
herd size.
The ideal silvicultural model for natural tree regeneration
affects grazing resources (GR) because of a 20-year
grazing exclusion period that allows natural regeneration,
after the start of regeneration practices. The exclusion
period prevents cattle—in the case of Haza—from browsing
on immature oaks. The quantity of forage units (FU).13
consumed by cattle in the oak woodlands must be reduced
in the ideal scenario, and it is assumed that in Haza this will
be offset by supplementary feeding to maintain the current
cattle herd size. Average costs of the various ways (except
grazing) in which cattle are fed at Haza
The results of ideal holm and cork oak silviculturalmodels at a physical steady-state are used to estimateoutputs and costs under a permanent natural regenerationscheme for oaks (Montero et al., 2000, 2003). Steadystate implies indefinitely maintaining a balanced (stable)tree age structure and tree density per hectare for mixedholm and cork oak woodland. In economic terms, steadystate assumes constant annual prices, except for landrevaluation, and assumes that the operating subsidies andtaxes on products (OST) remain unchanged. Steady statebecomes an ideal construction in which the holm and corkoak woodland endures forever. Management-inducednatural oak regeneration cycles for holm and cork oakwoodland last for 250 and 144 years, respectively,according to norms of the ideal sustainable silviculturalmodel (Montero et al., 2000, 2003). We assume that Haza’scurrent mosaic of land uses remains the same. Thus, theideal model’s mixed cork and holm oak woodland coversover 65% of the Haza UAL, just as it does in the actualscenario. In the model, this is allocated to 15% of purecork oak and 50% of pure holm oak woodland and treedensity figures are set to an age distribution required tosustain Haza’s current woodland area. Other land uses andyields are assumed to remain constant, including cattleherd size.The ideal silvicultural model for natural tree regenerationaffects grazing resources (GR) because of a 20-yearระยะเวลายกเว้นที่แทะเล็มให้ธรรมชาติฟื้นฟูหลังจากเริ่มปฏิบัติการฟื้นฟู ข้อยกเว้นระยะเวลาป้องกันวัว — ในกรณี Haza — จากการเรียกดูบนโอ๊คอ่อน ปริมาณของหน่วยดอกไม้ (ฟู) .13ใช้วัวควายในโอ๊ควู้ดแลนด์ต้องลดลงในสถานการณ์เหมาะ และมันจะสันนิษฐานว่า ใน Haza นี้จะสามารถชดเชย ด้วยการให้อาหารเสริมในการรักษาปัจจุบันวัวฝูงขนาด ต้นทุนเฉลี่ยของวิธีการต่าง ๆ (ยกเว้นมีเลี้ยงวัวแทะเล็ม) ซึ่งที่ Haza
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