There are four main general strategies to use bacteriocins as food biopreservatives: (i) inoculation of a culture to produce the bacteriocin in situ as a protective and/or starter culture; (ii) use of a substrate previously fermented by a bacteriocin-producing strain as a food ingredient; (iii) addition of a purified/semi-purified bacteriocin preparation as a food additive, and/or (iv) incorporation or immobilization of the bacteriocin in or onto packaging materials for development of bioactive food packaging (Deegan et al., 2006; Leroi et al., 2015).