Then, we suggested the appropriate criteria (Key Performance Indicators) to determine the price of raw milk
which should depend on the quality of raw milk and its nutrient composition, such as fat and solid non-fat
percentages. After being received, raw milk is cooled down to 4 °C using a plate heat exchanger and kept in a
storage tank until the delivery time. Raw milk in each tank has a specific composition and the tank that stores the
morning raw milk has less fat. Thus, raw milk from different tanks will be blended such that the composition of milk
is aligned with customer requirements. The quality control (QC) staff will check the temperature, specific gravity
and somatic cell count of raw milk in each tank on the truck and send the lab results promptly with the driver. In this
process, we suggested that storage tanks should have an impeller design so that raw milk will be mixed thoroughly
and provided a spreadsheet to determine the blending formula. Next, raw milk will be delivered to customers in a
temperature-controlled truck. We found that the milk plant staff could not track the milk truck on a real-time basis.
Then, coordination between two organisations should be established so that the staff are prepared to receive and
produce accordingly. Finally, if the raw milk fails to meet the customer specification, then it will be rejected and
sent back to the collector. We summarise the guidelines that the collection centre should implement to improve its
efficiency in Table 1.