Deficiencies in Plans and Their Implementation Plans are often overam-
bitious. They try to accomplish too many objectives at once without consider-
ation that some of the objectives are competing or even conflicting. They are
often grandiose in design but vague on specific policies for achieving stated
objectives. In this they have much in common with the excessive lists of 60 to
100 or more issue areas in conditionality agreements set out by the World
Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Finally, the gap between
plan formulation and implementation is often enormous (many plans, for rea-
sons to be discussed, are never implemented).