The divalent calcium ion was able to induce a significant
decrease in the pH of cookie dough, leading to a reduction in
acrylamide formation [26]. The calcium ioneinduced lowering
of pH may have been caused by the competitive displacement
of protons from ionizable oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms,
which share electrons with hydrogen atoms. As a consequence,
mass action competition occurs between protons and
calcium ions when the pH is high enough; when the pH is not
as high, most protons are removed prior to the addition of
calcium ions [27].