Effort-Reward Imbalance Model The workplace based effort-reward imbalance model, proposed by Siegrist [13, 14], represents a different theoretical framework used to define work-related stress. This model postulates that the imbalance occurring between workplace efforts and occupational reward leads to distress and adverse health effects [15]. Siegrist’s model emphasizes that work role has the potential to provide opportunities of positive self-experience, increased self-efficacy, and recurrent positive experience of self-esteem if one is adequately rewarded. Conversely, failure of employers to recognize or reward efforts can be detrimental to an employee’s health and well-being [16]. Immigrant workers often report feelings of loss as they encounter working life in their new country [17]. This loss often occurs because they are regarded as unqualified and lacking in workplace initiative. Their efforts to 1