After 1949, the Chinese Communist Party took control of China, and the Ministry of Health effectively controlled China’s health care system and policies.[1] Under the Chinese government, the country’s officials, rather than local governments largely determined access to health care. Rural areas saw the biggest need for healthcare reform, and the Rural Cooperative Medical System (RCMS) was established as a three-tier system for rural healthcare access. The RCMS functioned on a pre-payment plan that consisted of individual income contribution, a village Collective Welfare Fund, and subsidies from higher government.[2]
The first tier consisted of barefoot doctors that were trained in basic hygiene and traditional Chinese medicine.[3] This system of barefoot doctors was the easiest form of healthcare access, especially in rural areas. Township health centers were the second tier of the RCMS, consisting of small, outpatient clinics that primarily hired medical professionals that were subsidized by the Chinese government. Together with barefoot doctors, township health centers were utilized for most common illnesses. The third tier of the CMS, county hospitals, was for the most seriously ill patients. These hospitals were primarily funded by the government, but also collaborated with local systems for resources (equipment, physicians, etc.)[2]
Public health campaigns to improve environmental and hygienic conditions were also implemented, especially in urban areas.[3] The RCMS has significantly improved life expectancy and simultaneously decreased the prevalence of certain diseases. For example, life expectancy has almost doubled (from 35 to 69 years), infant mortality has been slashed from 250 deaths to 40 deaths for every 1000 live births. In addition to this, the malaria rate has dropped from 5.55% of the entire Chinese population to 0.3% of the population. This increase in health has been from the efforts of both the Chinese government as a whole and also local, community efforts to increase good health. Campaigns sought to prevent diseases and halt the spread of agents of disease – for example, mosquitoes causing malaria. Attempts to raise public awareness of health were especially emphasized.
1980s-present[edit]
After 1949, the Chinese Communist Party took control of China, and the Ministry of Health effectively controlled China’s health care system and policies.[1] Under the Chinese government, the country’s officials, rather than local governments largely determined access to health care. Rural areas saw the biggest need for healthcare reform, and the Rural Cooperative Medical System (RCMS) was established as a three-tier system for rural healthcare access. The RCMS functioned on a pre-payment plan that consisted of individual income contribution, a village Collective Welfare Fund, and subsidies from higher government.[2]
The first tier consisted of barefoot doctors that were trained in basic hygiene and traditional Chinese medicine.[3] This system of barefoot doctors was the easiest form of healthcare access, especially in rural areas. Township health centers were the second tier of the RCMS, consisting of small, outpatient clinics that primarily hired medical professionals that were subsidized by the Chinese government. Together with barefoot doctors, township health centers were utilized for most common illnesses. The third tier of the CMS, county hospitals, was for the most seriously ill patients. These hospitals were primarily funded by the government, but also collaborated with local systems for resources (equipment, physicians, etc.)[2]
Public health campaigns to improve environmental and hygienic conditions were also implemented, especially in urban areas.[3] The RCMS has significantly improved life expectancy and simultaneously decreased the prevalence of certain diseases. For example, life expectancy has almost doubled (from 35 to 69 years), infant mortality has been slashed from 250 deaths to 40 deaths for every 1000 live births. In addition to this, the malaria rate has dropped from 5.55% of the entire Chinese population to 0.3% of the population. This increase in health has been from the efforts of both the Chinese government as a whole and also local, community efforts to increase good health. Campaigns sought to prevent diseases and halt the spread of agents of disease – for example, mosquitoes causing malaria. Attempts to raise public awareness of health were especially emphasized.
1980s-present[edit]
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