This paper summarizes a more detailed diagnostic report prepared by a team of 6 MDRI staff and 7 international experts in the areas of rice production systems, agribusiness, rural finance, food and nutrition security, agricultural education and research, and agricultural economics. To prepare the report the team interviewed government officials, farmers, traders, agribusiness operators, transporters, representatives of UMFCCI and traders’ associations, international donors and NGO staff, and visited more than 36 villages and over 24 markets in the Delta, Dry Zone and Shan State. The team also reviewed a large number of previous reports on agriculture in Myanmar, analyzed agricultural statistics and market information, and compared the historical performance of agriculture in Myanmar to other countries in ASEAN and South Asia.