(18) Civilisation
Taken together the sanskrit and Khmer inscriptions allow assumptions to be made about how the temples and royalty were organised in ancient times, but between the 'pre-Angkor' period and the period of Angkor itself. Statistically, more than a third of the pre-Angkorian inscriptions make no mention of a king, whilst in those of the Angkor period it is exceptional for a king's name not to appear; a fact which is certainly of political significance.
The political situation of the country would have resembled that which existed in Gaul or Britain before the Roman invasion: a myriad of probably quarrelsome neighbouring fiefdoms. In pre-Angkor times the records show that only a few kings succeeded in grouping a number of these territories into fragile units, which usually disintegrated on the death of their founders. It can thus be conjectured that Ishanavarman I and Jayavarman I put together their fairly extensive kingdoms in this way.
From the dawn of the 'Angkor period', with Jayavarman II proclaiming himself ' the supreme king of the Khmer kings' (an example which all his successors would follow), the situation appears to have become somewhat different' But like our medieval kings, those of Angkor seem to have had considerable difficulty in reining in their most powerful 'vassls', and indeed it is quire difficult to draw precise boundaries for the lands over which each of them held sway and to ascertain the degree of power they exerted' Even within the putative territories of these kings the existence of several independent kingdoms can be detected, such as Bhavapura or the lands which centred on the Preah khan temple of Kompong Svay.
Although there is a relative abundance of Sanskrit inscriptions, it is certain that this Indian language was only used to honour the gods, and perhaps for communication among a literary elite' Indeed these Sanskrit texts occasionally bear witness to a deep knowledge of Indian culture' But in the main the language of the Empire was either Khmer or a related dialect, or in the areas now part of Thailand, Mon (which is closely related to Khmer), In areas towards the east which occasionally came under Khmer domination- as was the case of Champa- the language could be one of the many tongues in the extensive Western Malayo-Polynesian language family. Despite the views of some authors, it is not evident that Sanskrit was ever a lingua franca common to the various Indianised kingdoms of Southeast Asia.
(18) Civilisation
Taken together the sanskrit and Khmer inscriptions allow assumptions to be made about how the temples and royalty were organised in ancient times, but between the 'pre-Angkor' period and the period of Angkor itself. Statistically, more than a third of the pre-Angkorian inscriptions make no mention of a king, whilst in those of the Angkor period it is exceptional for a king's name not to appear; a fact which is certainly of political significance.
The political situation of the country would have resembled that which existed in Gaul or Britain before the Roman invasion: a myriad of probably quarrelsome neighbouring fiefdoms. In pre-Angkor times the records show that only a few kings succeeded in grouping a number of these territories into fragile units, which usually disintegrated on the death of their founders. It can thus be conjectured that Ishanavarman I and Jayavarman I put together their fairly extensive kingdoms in this way.
From the dawn of the 'Angkor period', with Jayavarman II proclaiming himself ' the supreme king of the Khmer kings' (an example which all his successors would follow), the situation appears to have become somewhat different' But like our medieval kings, those of Angkor seem to have had considerable difficulty in reining in their most powerful 'vassls', and indeed it is quire difficult to draw precise boundaries for the lands over which each of them held sway and to ascertain the degree of power they exerted' Even within the putative territories of these kings the existence of several independent kingdoms can be detected, such as Bhavapura or the lands which centred on the Preah khan temple of Kompong Svay.
Although there is a relative abundance of Sanskrit inscriptions, it is certain that this Indian language was only used to honour the gods, and perhaps for communication among a literary elite' Indeed these Sanskrit texts occasionally bear witness to a deep knowledge of Indian culture' But in the main the language of the Empire was either Khmer or a related dialect, or in the areas now part of Thailand, Mon (which is closely related to Khmer), In areas towards the east which occasionally came under Khmer domination- as was the case of Champa- the language could be one of the many tongues in the extensive Western Malayo-Polynesian language family. Despite the views of some authors, it is not evident that Sanskrit was ever a lingua franca common to the various Indianised kingdoms of Southeast Asia.
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