2. Botanicals
The C. sativum L. (family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae) is an erect annual herb with pronounced taproot, and slender branching stems up to 20–70 cm in height. There are two varieties of C. sativum: vulgare and microcarpum; the former has larger fruits (3–5 mm diameter) with EO yields of 0.1%–0.35% (v/w) while the latter has smaller fruits (1.5–3 mm diameter) with EO yields of 0.8%–1.8% (v/w) [4]. However, Ravi et al. [5] documented that the weight of 1000 fruits, with fruit diameter >3 mm, is >10 g for C. sativum L. var. sativum, while for C. sativum L. var. microcarpum DC, the weight of 1000 fruits is