Land reform and decollectivization in Vietnam have been implemented as part of the state’s general economic reforms (Doi Moi). This reform process must be seen in the context of historical events that led to the division of the country in 1954, the Vietnam War, its reunification, and the collectivization of the whole country in the 1970s. After the war, weaknesses in the collective system became obvious. The economic and food crisis in the late 1970s led the Communist Party to reconsider its economic development models and it provided more incentives to individuals. The main purpose was to increase the efficiency of the socialist system rather than to adopt a market system.