This graphic illustrates the mortgage application process after process reengineering, which as reduced some 11 plus stages to three or four. What are the elements that have allowed these steps to occur? (Use of digital documents and document management software, ability for steps to be taken concurrently.) Ask the students if a team approach (“work cell”) is always superior to a desk-to-desk approach. In what cases might a desk-to-desk approach be necessary or preferable? (If the work at one step must be completed prior to another step.)