The advantages and disadvantages of the Bretton Woods Conference, 1944
After the bretton woods conference had success on their projects. Many countries had gained quite a lot of benefits from the system which created by IMF, World bank and GATT. Firstly, the flexible exchange rate became more stable in many countries by maintain the equilibrium of the internal and external of the standard. Secondly, the monetary policy autonomy, which help for the economics growth of the countries and maintains the economic stabilization including balance of trade, service and balance of payment in the proper level. Lastly, the conference helps in the expansion of international trades and investment especially to the developing countries after the second world war in order to repair or reconstruction and promote the economic growth. Moreover, the advantage of the system also to provide the benefits to the employee because the governments are aims to increase the productivities of their countries as much as possible. Meanwhile, the system also brought disadvantages to the economics, for examples, the main disadvantage is risk of exchange rate, which is too volatility (more frequent and over needed) also use too much of expansion of monetary policy which can create the higher inflation rates. The frequent the policy use, the higher the inflation create.
Even though the systems had more advantages but disadvantages are always cause the problem to the economics and these also one of the factors which leads to the end of the systems.
The end of the bretton woods systems
Between 1958-1970, The economics of European had recover more and more. While the USA faced the big problem of deficit from payments as well as the international reserves of the country decrease by 13 billions and it cause the US currency started to drop.
Therefore, the central bank of Europe tried to solve the problem of low rate in the US dollar by taking the spare dollars exchange with some reserved gold and keep its in the central bank of the US and stop the exchange of dollar to gold on August 15, 1901, and the government announced the measure for import tax which is 10% in order to prevent the quick loss of the gold in the central bank. Moreover, the US had increase the exchange rate for the gold from $35 to $42.22 (10% tax) but the problem still not ended. There are still some serious speculation in 1973. therefore the floating exchange rate system had created. (Which are more protected from economics conditions of other countries and it still exist until now)
5 years later(April 1978), the floating exchange system had certified as the formal system in the united state. So, the gold standard system had been cancel and allow other countries to choose their own exchange rate system.
Conclusion
To sum up, The bretton woods conference was one of the most important financial events in the economics history which took place in the bretton woods in the united state during the period of interwar. The aims was to introduce to the new financial systems which will help to develop the economics of some countries after WW2 and create and international basic of exchanging the currency. The conference had involve by 730 delegates from 44 countries for 21 days from 1-22 july 1944.