TemperatureA comparison between the temperature profile and heating rateextracted from the models at the end of conditioning is presentedin Fig. 9. It can be seen that the higher axial load applied to Weld 2results in a higher peak temperature of around 100◦C at the inter-face along with a far higher heating rate close to the interface, whilefurther away from the weld interface (>5 mm), as a result of thelonger conditioning period of Weld 1 (1.5 s vs the 0.75 s of Weld 2)due to the reduced energy input rate caused by the lower pressuremeaning the material close to the interface requires a longer timeto reach the forging temperatures required for the deformation tobegin (end of conditioning), the conduction effects dominate andthe heating rate is higher in this region.