Age and organizational tenure were measured using four-point scales. Higher
scores indicated older age and longer tenure. Education was coded as a dichotomous
variable (0 ¼ two-year college degree and 1 ¼ four-year college degree). Gender was
coded as a dichotomous variable (0 ¼ male and 1 ¼ female). Marital status was also
coded as a dichotomous variable (0 ¼ single or divorced and 1 ¼ married).