there are five major issues that supply chain managers face: 1. globalization and outsourcing; 2. ever-changing and evolving information technologies; 3. economic forces within and between supply chains; 4. risk management including supply chain complexities and security threats; and 5. product life cycle management. These major issues often pit economic, social and environmental objectives against one another. Hence, organizations find it increasingly difficult to achieve ‘true’ sustainability on triple bottom line parameters.