considering the complications involved in defining mindfulness, it is probable that attempts to define CM and LKM wil meet with similar operational challenges. indeed, in addition to the degree of construct overlap that exists between CM and LKM, there is also an lelment of overlap between both of these meditative techniques and mindfulness meditation. for example jonhson et al.(2009)
described LKM as a technique that " involves quiet contemplation, often with eyes closed or in a nonfocused state and an initial attending to the present moment" in which particpants are instructed to " nonjudgementally redirect their attention to the feeling of loving kindness when attention wandered" . based on such descriptions, it is difficult to discern where mindfulness practice ends and LKM (or CM) practice begins. thus, an operational challenge for CM and LKM interventions is the need to establish clear and accurate workable definitions as well as a thorough depiction of the unique attributes of these techniques relative to other forms of meditation