temperature of 27 ◦C in the orbital shaking incubator, and subsequently
taken out and dried. Silver nanoparticles deposited on
the cellulose fibers were considered to be attached due to physical
interactions with the surface hydroxyl groups of cellulose
(Gardner et al., 2008). The schematic representation of the formation
of silver nanoparticles on the cellulose fibers was illustrated in
Fig. 1.