Children construct their knowledge.
Knowledge is not transferred passively, but is personally constructed.
The learning is mediated.
Cognitive development is not a direct result of activity, but it is indirect; other people must interact with the learner, use mediatory tools to facilitate the learning process, and then cognitive development may occur.
Language plays a central role in mental development.
The most significant sociocultural tool is language, as it is used to teach tool use and is vital in the process of developing higher psychological functions.
Learning appears twice.
First on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first between people (interpsychology), and then inside the child (intrapsychology).
Development cannot be separated from its social context.
The context needed for learning is that where the learners can interact with each other and use the new tools. This means that the learning environment must be authentic, that is, it must contain the type of people who would use these types of tools such as concepts, language, symbols in a natural way.